Reviewed by qualified compliance practitioners·Last updated 30 April 2026
Fire Risk Assessment — Plain English Guide
Straight answers about fire risk assessments: what they are, when you need one, who can do it, and what happens if you don't. Written for landlords, business owners, and people in charge of buildings.
Looking for the technical detail? Read the version for professionals → PAS 79-1:2020, BS 9999, methodology and competence requirements.
What is a fire risk assessment?
A check of a building to find fire risks and reduce them.
Do I need a fire risk assessment?
Yes. If you run a business or control a building, the law requires one.
Is a fire risk assessment a legal requirement in the UK?
Yes. It is required under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005.
Who is responsible for a fire risk assessment?
The Responsible Person.
This is usually the employer, landlord, or person in control of the premises.
Can I do my own fire risk assessment?
Yes — but only if you are competent. If not, use a professional.
How often do I need a fire risk assessment?
Review it at least annually. Also review it whenever anything changes.
When should a fire risk assessment be updated?
After changes. For example: layout changes, new equipment, new staff, or after a fire.
What happens if I don't have a fire risk assessment?
You can be fined or prosecuted. Serious breaches can lead to prison.
What does a fire risk assessment include?
Fire hazards, people at risk, and actions to reduce risk.
What are the 5 steps of a fire risk assessment?
- Identify hazards
- Identify people at risk
- Evaluate risk
- Record findings
- Review regularly
What buildings need a fire risk assessment?
Almost all non-domestic buildings. Also the communal areas of flats and HMOs.
Do small businesses need a fire risk assessment?
Yes. The law applies regardless of business size.
Do landlords need a fire risk assessment?
Yes — for shared areas like stairwells and corridors.
Do I need a written fire risk assessment?
In most cases, yes. Written records are required for higher-risk premises and recommended for all but the smallest, lowest-risk sites. If you have any doubt, write it down.
How long does a fire risk assessment take?
It depends on the building. A small office can take a couple of hours. A hotel or HMO can take a full day or more.
How much does a fire risk assessment cost in the UK?
It depends on size, risk, and building type. Small premises typically £200–£500. Larger or sleeping-risk buildings (hotels, HMOs, care homes) can be £1,500 or more.
What qualifications does a fire risk assessor need?
They must be competent — meaning they have the right training, experience, and knowledge. There is no single mandatory qualification, but third-party schemes like BAFE SP205 are widely recognised.
Is there a licence required to do fire risk assessments?
No. But the person must be competent and able to prove it.
Can you fail a fire risk assessment?
Yes — if serious risks are found and not controlled.
What happens after a fire risk assessment?
You must fix the issues identified. Actions should be prioritised and recorded.
How long is a fire risk assessment valid for?
There is no fixed expiry. It must be kept up to date and reviewed regularly.
Do I need a fire risk assessment for a shop?
Yes. All commercial premises require one.
Do offices need a fire risk assessment?
Yes. All workplaces must have one.
Do I need a fire risk assessment for a flat?
Not inside a single private flat. But the shared areas of the building must be assessed.
What is a Responsible Person in fire safety?
The person legally responsible for fire safety in a building.
What is a "suitable and sufficient" fire risk assessment?
One that properly identifies risks and includes clear actions to reduce them.
Can I use a template fire risk assessment?
Yes — but it must be specific to your building to be valid. A generic template that has not been adapted to the actual premises is not a valid fire risk assessment.
What is the penalty for non-compliance?
Fines, enforcement notices, or prosecution. Serious cases can lead to prison.
How do I choose a fire risk assessor?
Choose someone competent. Check experience, qualifications, references, and professional indemnity insurance.
Do I need a fire risk assessment for an HMO?
Yes. This is a legal requirement for shared residential buildings.
Does a fire risk assessment include fire alarms?
Yes. It checks if fire detection and warning systems are suitable.
Does a fire risk assessment include fire extinguishers?
Yes. It checks if the right types and numbers are in place.
Does a fire risk assessment include emergency lighting?
Yes. It checks escape routes can be used safely in the dark.
What is the difference between a fire risk assessment and a fire safety certificate?
A fire risk assessment identifies risks. A certificate confirms compliance or installation standards for a specific system.
Do I need a new fire risk assessment every year?
Not always a brand new one — but it must be reviewed and updated annually.
Can the fire brigade check my fire risk assessment?
Yes. They can inspect and enforce fire safety laws.
What triggers a fire risk assessment review?
Changes, incidents, or new risks. Also routine annual review.
Is a fire risk assessment required for temporary sites?
Yes — if people are working or visiting the site.
What is the main purpose of a fire risk assessment?
To prevent fires and keep people safe.
Need the technical version? Read the fire risk assessment guide for professionals →
This guide provides general information about UK compliance requirements. It is not legal or professional advice. For your specific situation, consult a qualified professional.